Note that Oracle 12c allows both full and incremental checkpoints. The CKPT process updates the control and data file headers with checkpoint information and signals writing of dirty buffers to disk. When a block is written to the buffer and changed, the buffer becomes dirty, and it needs to be written down to the disk. In Oracle, data that is on disk is called block and the data which in memory is called buffer. An Oracle instance has many database writers DBW0, DBW1, DBW2, and so on. The DBWn process reads data from disk and writes it back to the disk. Oracle performs every operation in memory instead of the disk because processing in memory is faster and more efficient than on disk. It has two primary responsibilities including automatically instance recovery in the event of a failed instance, e.g., power failure and cleaning up of temporary files. SMON is the system monitor process that performs system-level clean-up operation.If a candidate wants significant improvement in career growth needs enhanced knowledge, skills, and talents. PMON is a process that must be alive in an Oracle database. The Oracle Database 11g: Program with PL/SQL 1Z0-144 Exam certification is an internationally-recognized validation that identifies persons who earn it as possessing skilled as an Oracle PL/SQL Developer Certified Associate. PMON cleans up abnormally connected database connections and automatically registers a database instance with the listener process. PMON is the process monitor that regulates all other processes.The following are the major background processes of an Oracle instance:
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